MCQs of Sociology - Population and the Environment – Multiple Choice Question

Question 1 of 54

1. Question

____ is the term for the science dealing with the size, distribution composition and the changes in population

Demography
Ecology
Popology
Stratification

Question 2 of 54

2. Question

The crude birth rate:

is the annual number of live births per 1000 woman age 15-44
Is the potential number of children that could be born if every woman of childbearing age bore all the children she possibly could.
is the number of live births per 1000 members of a population in a given year
enables researchers to see important difference among races. ethnic groups, classes, age groups, and other categories with in the population

Question 3 of 54

3. Question

The ___ is the number of deaths per 1000 inhabitants in specific age group

crude death rate
age-specific death rate
infant mortality rate
targeted mortality rate

Question 4 of 54

4. Question

The ____ is the increase or decrease that results from immigration or emigration per 1000 member of the population in a given year.

emigration rate
growth rate
immigration rate
net migration rate

Question 5 of 54

5. Question

The growth rate is the difference between:

immigration and emigration rates.
births and deaths
fertility and fecundity
none of the above

Question 6 of 54

6. Question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about a population pyramid?

A population pyramid portrays the sex and age composition of a population
A population pyramid must be based on absolute numbers.
A population pyramid is of interest solely to academics.
A population pyramid requires complex statistical calculation to understand the interrelationship between age and sex in a given population.

Question 7 of 54

7. Question

According to Malthus:

human populations tend to increase more slowly than their ability to increase the food supply.
agricultural production increases in a geometric fashion.
people could use "moral restraint" to reduce the birth rate.
famine war and pestilence are social problems that a population can overcome.

Question 8 of 54

8. Question

According to Marx:

an economic crisis in the capitalist system would force factory owners into the ranks of the unemployed
an excess of the working class population depends on the availability of employment opportunities not on fixed supply of food.
the problems associated with population growth are a function of the scarcity of wealth
self-control would restrain population growth.

Question 9 of 54

9. Question

According to demographic transition theory, both birth and death rates are high in which stages of demographic transition?

the first stage
the second stage
the third stage
the first and third stage

Question 10 of 54

10. Question

Proponents of the family planning approach to fertility reduction argue that:

economic development will lead to a reduction in fertility
governments consider modern contraceptive measures to be a threat to the preservation and continuation of their way of life.
if contraceptives are made available and if information about the value and need for birth planning is disseminated people will reduce their fertility
people can be coerced into using family planning techniques

Question 11 of 54

11. Question

Coercive and punitive measures to reduce fertility have aroused considerable indignation among many citizens in Western nations. Such measures have included:

Italy's practice of punishing couples who have two or more children.
china's practice of fining a woman who is pregnant with a second child 20 per cent of her pay if she refuses to have an abortion.
France's elimination of tax deductions for families with more than two children.
Brazil's refusal to grant a divorce to couples with children

Question 12 of 54

12. Question

Which of the following are NOT factors involved in whether or not people define a situation as crowded?

duration and predictability
frame of mind and environmental setting
the sex and race of individuals present
intensification of people's definition of the situation

Question 13 of 54

13. Question

Which of the following did NOT restrict the size of postindustrial cities?

the clash of values and culture of people who came togather
poor transportation
difficulty securing large areas from outside threats
Sewage-polluted water supplies

Question 14 of 54

14. Question

Which of the following is an accurate statements about global cities?

Global cities are major urban centres of commerce on which corporations rely.
Global cities are characterized by centralized manufacturing and production activities.
Global cities result from decentralized managerial and financial operations.
Global cities result from changes in world population

Question 15 of 54

15. Question

Which model of city growth describes the city as a central business district surrounded by a zone in transition than a zone of workingmen’s homes residential zones, and the commuters. zone?

the multiple nuclei model
the sector model
the concentric circle model
the social area analysis model

Question 16 of 54

16. Question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about segregation?

Segregation in always an involuntary process
Segregation is the encroachment by one group on an area occupied by another group
Segregation can be prevented by the practice of redlining
Segregation is the process by which natural areas are formed by the clustering of individuals or groups on the basis of common traits or activities

Question 17 of 54

17. Question

Urban gentrification is an example of.

segregation
invasion
redlining
none of these

Question 18 of 54

18. Question

Which theoretical perspective defines the ecological environment as an ecosystem exhibiting a tendency toward equilibrium?

the interactionist perspective
the conflict perspective
the relativist perspective
the functionalist perspective

Question 19 of 54

19. Question

Environmental issues were central to the work of.

Karl Marx
Emile Durkheim
Max Weber
Non of these

Question 20 of 54

20. Question

Which of these can sociology not help us with ?

predicting likely weather patterns in the future
understanding how human societies put pressure on the environment
understanding how environmental problems are distributed
evaluating policies for tackling environmental problems

Question 21 of 54

21. Question

Which perspective on environmental issues tends to adopt an agnostic stance towards the severity of the problem itself?

critical realism
social constructionism
structural Marxism
ecofeminism

Question 22 of 54

22. Question

How are genetically modified foods different from previous techniques?

the genes used cannot spread into the wider environment
they involve transplanting genes from one organism to another
we can say with certainty that they are risk-free
they have been accepted by consumers in all countries

Question 23 of 54

23. Question

Which one of these statements is correct?

global warming is simply another term for the greenhouse effect
global warming is a problem caused mainly by unregulated industrialization in the developing countries
global warming is the rise in average temperature at Earth,s surface
global warming is an entirely natural phenomenon

Question 24 of 54

24. Question

How did the Brundtland Commission (1987) define sustainable development?

development that protects the environment for future generations even at the expense of the present generation
development which meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
a type of development which put the interests of developing countries ahead of the interests of the rich nations
development that is capable of maintaining sustainable economic growth for all countries of the world

Question 25 of 54

25. Question

Which of the following is not part of ecological modernization theory?

environmental protection and economic growth are incompatible aims
environmental protection cannot be achieved without high tech solutions
an ecological form of economic growth is possible
consumer demand and market mechanisms can bring about ecologically benign outcomes

Question 26 of 54

26. Question

Supporters of sustainable development are arguing for.

more resource to be directed towards economic growth
more resources to be put into Third World development
growth that minimises resource depletion and pollution
fewer resources to be directed towards economic growth

Question 27 of 54

27. Question

Which of the following vehicles emits the most carbon per passenger per kilometre?

single-occupancy light truck
high-occupancy city bus
long-haul aeroplane
high-speed coal-fired train

Question 28 of 54

28. Question

Which of these is not a criticism that critical realists make of social constructionist approaches to the environment?

social constructionism reminds us that all environmental issues have an important social aspect and context
social constructionism remains agnostic about the scientific reality of environmental issues
social constructionism tells us more about social interactions than the relationship between society and the environment
social constructionism applies standard which demand new theorizing and approaches

Question 29 of 54

29. Question

In the on-going climate change debates which of these groups is least likely to be identified as having an interest in overemphasising the need for global action on climate change?

the media
fossil fuel corporations
academic climate change researchers
countries such as the Maldives at risk of rising sea levels

Question 30 of 54

30. Question

Which of the following has NOT been identified as a potential consequence of global warming?

falls in agricultural yields
the spread of disease
the use of unclear energy
a rise in sea levels

Question 31 of 54

31. Question

GM crops are different from anything that has existed before because.

they are produced by techniques of cross-breeding
they are capable of drastically improving agricultural yields
they involve transplanting genes between different organisms
they have become front-page stories in the news everyday

Question 32 of 54

32. Question

The term manufactured risk refers to.

risks which result from human interaction with the natural world
risks associated with the activities of manufacturing industries
risks that have been exaggerated by the output of the media
risks that only affect advanced industrial economies

Question 33 of 54

33. Question

For Thomas Robert Malthus the appropriate way to control population was to.

use artificial means of birth control
postpone marriage
pass legislation prohibiting families from having more than one child
do all of the above

Question 34 of 54

34. Question

Of the following nations life expectancy at birth is highest in.

Japan
USa
Gambia
unknown

Question 35 of 54

35. Question

Which of the following is a criticism of the sick role?

Patients judgments regarding their own state of health may be related to their gender age social class and ethnic group
The sick role may be more applicable to people experiencing short-term illnesses than those with recurring long-term illnesses
Even simple factors such as whether a person is employed or not seem to affect willingness to assume the sick role
all of the above

Question 36 of 54

36. Question

The conflict perspective would note that.

Physicians serve as "gatekeepers" for the sick role either verifying a patient,s condition as"illness" or designating the patient as "recovered"
Patients play an active role in health care by failing to follow a physician,s advice
Multinational corporations based in industrialized countries have reaped significant profits by "dumping" unapproved drugs on unsuspecting Third World countries
The designation "healthy " or "ill" generally involves social definition by others

Question 37 of 54

37. Question

Which sociological perspective emphasizes that patients should not always be viewed as passive but instead as an actor who often shows a powerful intent to see the physician?

functionalist perspective
conflict perspective
interactionist perspective
labeling theory

Question 38 of 54

38. Question

Which of the following nations has the lowest infant mortality rate?

USA
Mozambique
Canada
Sweden

Question 39 of 54

39. Question

The final stage in demographic transition is marked by.

high birthrates and death rates
high birthrates and low death rates
lown birthrates and high death rates
low birthrates and low death rates

Question 40 of 54

40. Question

According to _______ _________ a variety of life experiences can come to be viewed as illnesses or not.

functionalist perspective
conflict perspective
interactionist perspective
labeling theory

Question 41 of 54

41. Question

The first stage of the demographic transition is called the.

pretransition stage
transition stage
posttransition stage
initiation stage

Question 42 of 54

42. Question

Which country is currently experiencing a negative birthrate?

China
Bangladesh
Iran
Tunisia

Question 43 of 54

43. Question

Urbanization in preindustrial cities was restricted by.

reliance on animal power as a source of energy
the high levels of surplus produced by the agricultural sector
the ease of migration to the city
all of the above

Question 44 of 54

44. Question

In comparison with industrial cities preindustrial cities had.

relatively open class systems
extensive social mobility
a much more rigid division of labour by gender
all of the above

Question 45 of 54

45. Question

In which type of city does religion become fragmented and there is greater openness to new religious faiths?

preindustrial city
industrial city
postindustrial city
edge cities

Question 46 of 54

46. Question

Robert Park and Ernest Burgess are associated with.

the functionalist perspective
the conflict perspective
the linear-development model
Urban ecology

Question 47 of 54

47. Question

The multiple-nuclei theory of urban growth was presented by.

Ernest Burgess
Homer Hoyt
Ferdinand Tonnies
C.D Harris and Edward L. Ulman

Question 48 of 54

48. Question

Which group of sociologists note that developers bankers and other powerful real estate interests view housing as an investment and are primarily concerned with maximizing profit not with solving social problems.

urban ecologists
new urban sociologist
functionalists
human ecologists

Question 49 of 54

49. Question

World systems analysis is closely aligned with.

the concentric zone theory
the multiple -nuclei theory
new urban sociology
zone sector theory

Question 50 of 54

50. Question

According to Herbert Gans residents who remain in the city to take advantage of the unique cultural and intellectual benefits of the city are called.

cosmopolites
ethnic villagers
urban villagers
the trapped

Question 51 of 54

51. Question

Herbert Gans called urban residents who prefer to live in their own tight-knit communities.

cosmopolites
ethnic villagers
the trapped
gentrofiles

Question 52 of 54

52. Question

According to Gerald Suttles a gated community would be an example of a(n)

edge city
defended neighborhood
urban enclave
ethnic village

Question 53 of 54

53. Question

According to Riley Dunlap which one of the following is not a basic function that the natural environment serves for humans?

The environment provides the resources essential for life
The environment serves as a waste depository
The environment provides a natural setting for social inequalities
The environment "houses" our species

Question 54 of 54

54. Question

Which of the following is predicted to be a major influence on cities during the next 50 years?

pollution
the internet
urban renewal
deindustrialization

Sociology - Population and the Environment

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