MCQs of Psychology - Criminal Psychology – Multiple Choice Question

Question 1 of 45

1. Question

_______describes the commonest type of rapist.

Statutory
Power- assurance
Anger- retaliatory
individualist- collectivist

Question 2 of 45

2. Question

Which of the following is correct?

Rapists should be primarily of reproductive age. This is some evidence to support this hypothesis. It would support the evolutionary theory.
Societal trends towards sexual eghaltarianism should be associated with few rapes.This hypothesis has some evidence in support, e.g. Baron and Straus. This would support feminist theory.
Rapists should hold attitudes that are more favorable towards rape and towards violance than other men.This would support socia- learning theory. But this hypothesis is not clearly supported, e.g. Overholser and Beck.
All of them are correct.

Question 3 of 45

3. Question

What are the characteristics which tend not to make up violent offences?

Age (tend to be young).
Males
Brain dysfunction.
Associated with alcohol.

Question 4 of 45

4. Question

Forensic and criminal psychologists should exercise great caution before assuming that the media plays a role in generating violent criminality.Which of the following would support this caution?

The media give a similar message about violence as do other sources of socialization. Indeed, the media give messages about when it is appropriate to use violence and when it is not.
Young violent offenders prefer violent videos compared to controls but they also tend to have been abused by their parents. When this factor is taken into account their media consumption is not different from controls.
Violent crime statistics in the states show a delayed effect as result of the introduction of violent television but this claim is not supported in Great Britain.
All of the above

Question 5 of 45

5. Question

Leyton suggested that members are symbolic of structural discontent – at different times in history a (social) class comes under treat from another (social) class under treat from another social class and feel dissatisfaction. What did he call this?

Depressive.
Over- controlled repressors.
Paranoid- aggression.
Homicidal protest.

Question 6 of 45

6. Question

What can we say about aggression in males and females?

Women may learn different aggressive strategies from those used by man who are the physically stronger sex.
Aggression in males may be expressed directly (e.g. fighting) but aggression in females may be expressed indirectly (e.g. gossiping about someone).
If relational victimization of girls and if aggression is seen as means of hurting someone than women may not differ so much from men in terms of using aggression.
All of the above.

Question 7 of 45

7. Question

Intra- sexual homicide (young men kill young men more than females kill females) would offer support for:

biological basis of aggression.
adaptively basis of aggression.
homicidal protest.
media causes violence hypothesis.

Question 8 of 45

8. Question

Find the incorrect statement.

There are many extremely violent individuals who will act violently in many situations and against many different targets.
There is a great deal to suggest that violence is learnt:
Field research is less indicative of an adverse influence of the media on violence contrary to laboratory studies which shows the clearest effects- often using meta- analysis.
There is little evidence concerning the influence of media on actual acts of criminal violence. Most laboratory studies which show effects involve acts against dolls (these are not criminal acts).

Question 9 of 45

9. Question

Haapassalo (1999) found that the greater the maternal problems the:

less likely that her son would be physically abused.
more likely that her son was physically abused.
more likely her son would be sexually abused.
none of these.

Question 10 of 45

10. Question

An issue that is broader that the strength of the evidence concerns its validity when applied to the real world. Bearing that in mind, which of the following would be relevant questions to ask?

Do the findings from psychological studies parallel what happens to real crime witnesses?
Should research findings be made available to the court to influence real trials?
Both (a) and (b).
Neither (a) nor (b).

Question 11 of 45

11. Question

All of the following refer to ways that police officers try to enhance memory retrieval in eye witnesses except for_______

Leading questions
Change perspective
Report everything
Context reinstatement

Question 12 of 45

12. Question

The following qualities make a good except for______.

Preparing a story on the spot
Being original
Good acting ability
Not experiencing emotion

Question 13 of 45

13. Question

Which of the following statements about offender profiling is FALSE?

Inductive methods of profiling are often referred to as clinical in the style, while deductive methods are seen as 'statistical'.
Constructing psychological profiles of historical figures typically relies on specialist knowledge.
Both 'organized' and 'disorganized' offenders are careful not to leave evidence.
Profiling common characteristics of known offenders involves gathering data about the crime for multiple sources.

Question 14 of 45

14. Question

Which of the following are includes in Farrington’s list of predictive factors?

Overly harsh or lax parenting style.
Criminality in the family.
Low intelligence.
All of the above.

Question 15 of 45

15. Question

Aggression and violent conduct can best predicted by:

Antisocial behavior
History of mental illness
Family criminality
(a) and (c)

Question 16 of 45

16. Question

The second stage in the development of violent behavior includes:

Distal factors
Conduct disorder
Poor parenting
(b) and (c)

Question 17 of 45

17. Question

Research evidence suggests that violent people show deficits in which type of social information processing?

Anger mangement
Encoding social cues
Deception
Memory retrieval

Question 18 of 45

18. Question

The qualities of successful rehabilitation programs to treat offenders include:

Cognitive interviews
Offender profiling
Being community- based
Focus on relationship with parents

Question 19 of 45

19. Question

Which extensive longitudinal research effort involving hundreds of families concluded that we need prevention strategies to reduce child and adolescent antisocial behavior?

Aggression replacement training
What Works program
Statement validity assessment
The Cambridge study

Question 20 of 45

20. Question

As the evidence accumulates, a broad consensus has been reached regarding the characteristics of treatments that impact on offending. But which of the following is actually one of those characteristics?

Indiscriminate targeting of treatment programs helps to reduce recidivism.
The type of treatment program is important, with stronger evidence for unstructured behavioral and multi- model approaches.
The most successful studies behavioral in nature, include a cognitive component.
The most effective programs have low treatment integrity.

Question 21 of 45

21. Question

Crime is a____product.

legislative
individual
criminal
social

Question 22 of 45

22. Question

Moral panic is:

an overreaction against an event, such as a type of crime, which is seen as a threat to society's values.
the view that the world is full of crime and violence.
a concept applied to mugging.
a study of youth crime in Britain.

Question 23 of 45

23. Question

In the British Crime survey, who had high levels of worry about burglary and violent crime?

Professionals
Women
Men
Those over 75 years- of age

Question 24 of 45

24. Question

What is the fear- victimization paradox?

Those who fear crime the most tend to become the victims of crime.
There is little, or no relationship between and individual's risk of victimization and their level of fear of crime.
It simply refers to the fear of being a victim of crime
It refers to the group of people who are least bothered by the risk of being "victimized.

Question 25 of 45

25. Question

Our levels of fear may be influenced by:

personal experience.
crime news.
aspects of our personality which make us more, or less, afraid of crime.
all of the options above.

Question 26 of 45

26. Question

Women are the most at the risk of physical violence from people they_____, men are most at risk of attack from people they____, and the most risky stage of life in terms of homicide is_____.

don't know; don't know; childhood
know; don't know; young adulthood
don't know; don't know; adulthood
know; know; young adulthood

Question 27 of 45

27. Question

Which of the following sources provide information about crime in society?

The media.
Personal experience.
Crime statistics, research data such as that found on the internet.
All of the above

Question 28 of 45

28. Question

The percentage of people who report being a victim of particular sort of crime in the previous year is known as the_____rate, as it opposed to the frequency of crimes being committed in one year which is known as______rates.

prevalence; prevalence
victim; criminal
incidence; prevalence
prevalence; incidence

Question 29 of 45

29. Question

Sexual also rates have increased from 1970 to 1990. What might this be the result of?

It may indicate higher level of sexual abuse.
It may indicate an increased awareness of the dangerous abuse.
It may reflect changes in the definition of some abuse (e.g to include more acts) producing an increase in the numbers.
It may indicate all of the above.

Question 30 of 45

30. Question

Victim surveys generally indicate______ rate of victimization than do number of crimes known to the police.

lower
higher
inferior
similar

Question 31 of 45

31. Question

What can we correctly state about young offenders?

Children rated most trouble some at an early age tend become the more persistent offenders.
Some research suggests that for 8- 25 year olds most offending occurs at about 16- 17 years and tail of to a plateau.
Young offenders are rarely imprisoned for a single offence, rather for a number of offences.
All of the above we can correctly state about young offenders.

Question 32 of 45

32. Question

Which of the following interventions aimed at a variety of factors (believed to affect the risk of criminality) produced the most promising outcomes according to Yoshikawa (1965)?

Direct support for parents and early childhood education.
Interventions which take place between prenatal and primary school entry.
Direct support for parents.
Early education.

Question 33 of 45

33. Question

What were the predictors of sexual delinquency by Langstrom in his study of 15- 20 year olds?

Early childhood conduct disorder.
Those factors which predict non- sexual delinquency such as low family income, poor accommodation, poor parenting.
Early onset of sexually abusive behavior, male victims, multiple victims and poor social skills.
Previous criminaitly, psychopathy and and use of death/ threats at time of index offence.

Question 34 of 45

34. Question

What can we not say about moral reasoning and delinquency?

When moral issues are related to crime the differences between male delinquents and male non- delinquents are their greatest.
Male delinquents are typically at Kohlberg's pre- conventional level compare to male non- delinquents .
Offenders were typically at Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning, i.e. obtaining social approval compared non- offenders.
Non- offenders males tend to be at a lower level of moral reasoning than non- offendring females.

Question 35 of 45

35. Question

‘Isomorphism hypothesis would state that:

abuse causes post traumatic stress and thus a need to re- enact the experience.
if a mother has been abused this increases the risk of a child's potential for being an abuser in the future.
physically abused children tend to commit physically violent offences whereas sexually abused children tend to commit sexually violent crimes in adulthood.
the effect of violence are more generally pathogenic than simply 'violence leads to violence'.

Question 36 of 45

36. Question

Why should early problem behavior not by neglected?

Early interventions may be costly, but they are more cost effective than ignoring the problem- this would result in higher costs of society for dealing with delinquent children later in life.
If acted on interventions can be effective at reducing future delinquency.
It is predictive of later more serious behavior.
All of the above

Question 37 of 45

37. Question

Statutory rape is:

penile penetration of any child below the age of consent to sexual intercourse.
rape of a female adult.
any form of sexual act that a woman may not wish.
rape of someone under mitigating circumstances.

Question 38 of 45

38. Question

Which of the following is incorrect?

Rape is frequently viewed as a crime of power, control and violence rather than sexual gratification.
There is a general trend that sexual offending begins in the early life of an offender.
Rapists have claimed to have experienced more psychological abuse than nonsexual violent offenders.
Rape of older women by strangers tends to feature more strongly in rape statistics.

Question 39 of 45

39. Question

Learning is based on:

Knowledge
Comprehension
Understanding
Practice

Question 40 of 45

40. Question

Sexual fantasy is accepted as a driving force in sexual offending. Which of the following raise questions over this assumed simple link between fantasy and offending?

Sexual offences are often non- consummatory.
When treatment is mainly directed at reducing fantastic recidivism actually increases.
Unacceptable themes are found in the fantasy of 'normal' individuals but they don't have to be acted upon in order to have erotic effects.
All of the above

Question 41 of 45

41. Question

Which of the following can be identified as a typology of rape based on the psychological motive of the rapist?

Paranoid- aggressive, depressive, psycopathic, over controlled repressors.
Power- assurance, power- assertive, anger retaliatory and anger excitement.
Feminist, social learning and evolutionary.
Fixated and regressed sexual offender.

Question 42 of 45

42. Question

which of the following problems regarding phallometry is incorrect?

Using phallometry to elicit confessions can increase the risk of false confessions.
It is not effective at deciding who is a pedophile and who is not from any group of men.
Normal men show erections to pubescent children and rape scents.
It does not assume sexual motives underlie rape.

Question 43 of 45

43. Question

Rape is:

a relatively under reported crime.
tend to be carried out by men know to women rather than by strangers.
more commonly carried out by younger offenders.
all of the above.

Question 44 of 45

44. Question

Phallometry is:

a technique for assessing a man's sexual responsiveness to different types of sexual imagery.
a measure of effect size.
a type of lie detector test.
a technique for assessing the acceptance of rape myths in rapists.

Question 45 of 45

45. Question

The legal definition of rape now includes:

only vaginal penetration.
oral and vaginal penetration.
vaginal penetration of an adult.
vaginal, oral and anal penetration

Psychology - Criminal Psychology

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