MCQs of Psychology – Learning

Learning is based on:

Who founded the school of psychology known as Behaviorism

In classical conditioning two______are associated.

Ivan Paviov was a:

Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?

The process of change:

A child proceeds from infancy to:

At birth, a child is unable to:

The change in an individual occurs when he:

the changes due to experience

The natural changes are:

The behavioral changes due to experience:

Which of the following is included in the concept of learning:

The changes due to learning:

The response of an individual emerging from an experience:

Learning is a:

Which of the following is not necessary for the process of learning:

the direct experience:

In learning by trial & error, an individual:

In learning by trial & error, an individual carries on his work unless

Which of the following is the first step of learning by trial & error:

To see the people during and try to do the same is:

Drinking water to extinguish thirst is

The act of imitation:

In the act of imitation, an individual:

Which of the following action is not concerned with learning by imitation:

Delivery of correct pronunciation is concerned with learning by

In learning by insight, an individual:

In Pavlov’s experiment the dog’s food powder served as a (n)

If Pavlov wanted to stop his dogs from salivating to the sound of a bell he would put them through______training.

Just the sight of Mary’s sexy nightgown makes Jim aroused. Mary’s nightgown serves as(n)

A child who has been frightened by a dog develops a fear response to all dogs. This is known as:

Rahila found that a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus only if it is contingent and:

Watson trained Little Albert to fear a white rat. In his experiment the loud noise was a (n):

Edward Thorndike established the

Negative reinforcement occurs when behavior

By definition_______always reduces the probability of a response occurring again.

The technique of using desensittization involves:

A dog that gets rewarded for the first bark it makes in each ten minute period is being reinforced on a_____schedule of reinforcement.

In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, food was the

In_______-reinforcement, the reinforcer follows every correct response.

In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, salivation was the

The presentation of an aversive stimulus of the removal of a positive stimulus are both examples of

In classical conditioning, learning is evident when a

In Thorndike’s law of effect, events critical for conditioning

If you have a snake phobia because you once heard a loud noise while looking at a snake, for you a snake is a (n)

After repeatedly pairing a tone with meat powder, Pavlov found that a dog will salivate when the tone is presented. Salivation to the tone is a (n):

Sam’s wife always wears the same black nightgown whenever she is “in the mood” for sexual relations. Sam becomes sexually aroused as soon as he sees his wife in the nightgown. For Sam, the night is a (n):

Watson and Rayner (1`920) conditioned “Little Albert’ to fear white rats by banging a hammer on a steel bar as the child played with a white rat. Later, it was discovered that Albert feared not only white rats but white stuffed toys and Santa’s beard as well. Albert’s fear of these other objects can be attributed to:

The phenomenon of higher-order conditioning shows that:

Which of the following statements is (are) true?

A pigeon in a Skinner box is pecking the disk at a high, steady rate. The graph portraying this pigeon’s responding will have:

A primary reinforcer has______reinforcing properties; a secondary reinforcer has______reinforcing properties.

The steady, rapid responding of a person playing a slot machine is an example of the pattern of responding typically generated on a_______schedule.

Positive reinforcement_______the rate of responding negative reinforcement________the rate of responding.

Research on avoidance learning suggests that a fear response is acquired through_________conditioning: the avoidance response is maintained as a result of______conditioning.

Nolan used to love tequila. However, a few weeks ago he drank way too much tequila and became very, very sick. His tendency to drink tenquila has since declined dramatically. In operant terms, this sequence of events represents:

According to Rescorla, the strength of a conditioned response depends on:

Skinner maintained that reinforcement determines the acquisition of a response; Bandura maintains that reinforcement determines the_______of a response.

The link between physical and subsequent aggressive behavior is probably best explained by:

The second step in a self-modification program is to:

Which type of learning occurs when one stimulus predicts the occurence of of another?

A series of responses that gradually approach a desired pattern of behavior are called

One difference between classical and operant conditioning is that

In classical conditioning, events critical to the learning occur________the response.

A punisher can be:

In operant conditioning, what is the relationship between events critical to learning and the response to be learned?

In sight is a process is which an individual:

Employing the learning by insight approach, an individual can benefit himself from various solutions of problems and thereby:

An individual learns through:

Which of the following is the central point of learning through insight:

In learning by insight, an individual:

Skills become the part of behavior when:

which of the following method of learning is used in learning by doing:

In learning by doing, learning comes through:

Which of the following is decided in learning by doing:

In case of failure in learning through doing, an individual is able:

learning the process of change in:

which of the following is not included in the law of learning:

Learning cannot become meaningful unless an individual is not

Which of the following has a significant role in the learning process:

Readiness refers to:

Which of the following learning cannot be durable and effective:

If the result of an activity are pleasant:

The connection between stimulus and response depends on:

Which of the following is closely associated with the effectiveness of the law of effect:

If an activity is difficult to do:

Which of the following is also called factors influencing learning:

Motivation is:

Which of the following is produced in an individual by motivation:

The interest of an individual is:

Which of the following is the key factor in the selection of interests:

Escape from punishment is:

An individual can only easily learn if:

Which of the following is the change factor of tends and interests:

If an activity please a child:

Attention refers to:

Attention and interest:

Attention is:

A child learns attitudes

thoughts and ideas of the individual ate termed as:

Which of the following question is frequently raised in the conditions of learning:

According to through behaviorists, learning of an individual can be seen though:

Who was the founding father of classical conditioning:

the connection between stimulus and response is called:

Which of the following is the base of learning of an individual according to the cognitive psychologist:

Inner faculties and intellectual processing are concerned with:

According to the cognitive psychologist the observable behavior:

Koffka and Koehler were concerned with:

changes due to learning are:

If the conditioned stimulus is presented many times without reinforcement, we can expect

A child has leaned to avoid a furry, black cat. However, she still plays with her grandmother’s short-haired tabby.Her response demonstrates

Punishment is most effective in suppressing behavior when it is

the greatest degree of resistance to extinction is typically caused by a _______schedule of reinforcement.

lvan Pavlov has been credited with the initial discovery of:

In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, the bell (prior to conditioning) was the

What is learning?

A child can learn only:

Learning enables an individual:

Who put forward the theory of connectionism?

Meaningful of an act for a child means to what extent

The unarranged and disordered poems:

Which of the following increases the pace of development:

Attitude refers to the inner state of an individual which influences:

Learning is best defined as a process that involves:

Which of the following does NOT represent a form of learning?

The fundamental element required for learning through classical conditioning is:

Consider this sequence: (1) food, (2) salivation with food (3) light with food, (4) salivation with light. This procedure for presenting stimuli and observing responses with dogs is based on Pavlov’s experiments, and represents which sequence of classical conditioning?

Which of the following statements about Pavlov’s dogs is FALSE?

The basic understanding of the relationship between unconditioned response (UR) and conditioned response (CR) includes which of the following ideas?

Which of the following is accurate in relation to the law of effect?

Which of the following phenomena demonstrate the importance of classical conditioning for human behaviour?

Which of the following statements applies to instrumental learning?

Instrumental learning differs from classical conditioning in which of the following ways?

Not every organism will learn at the same rate as a result of:

Which TWO of the following statements are true of blocking?
1: The phenomenon of blocking provides an interesting and much-studied instance of failure to learn, in spite of contiguous presentations of the CS and the US.
2: In a blocking experiment, animals receive training with what is termed a compound CS (Phase 2).
3: The experimental group has first received a phase of training in which the US alone is conditioned (Phase 1).
4: The experimental groups shows no (or very little evidence of learning about the CS that is presented in Phase 1.

Which THREE of the following are true regarding habituation and dishabituation?
1:Habituation involves a gradual reduction in the magnitude of the response to repeated presentation of the response of a stimulus.
2:In dishabituation, the response returns when a salient extraneous stimulus is presented just before a trial with the habituated stimulus.
3:Habituation is caused by sensory-motor fatigue.
4:Habituation occurs as a consequence of the repeated presentation of a single event.

Which of the following does NOT apply to spatial learning in the rat?

What type of learning do not rely on forming associations among stimuli and events?

If you intended to stop at the corner shop on the way home from school, but instead took your usual path from school to your home and missed the corner shop, then your behaviour has been controlled by which type of learning?

How might behaviours of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) explained by principles of instrumental learning?

Which TWO of the following are true of the learning set procedure?
1:The animals learns to focus on classes of cues that are inaccurate predictors of reward.
2:In the win-stay, lose-shift strategy, the animal learns to persist with a choice that yields food, but shift to the other object if it does not.
3:In the learning-set procedure, all stimuli and associations have equal effect on the animal’s behaviour.
4:The occurrence of reward can be regarded as a stimulus that can enter into associations or acquire discriminative control over an instrumental action.

Phobias can be very debilitating and distressing phenomena. Which, if any, of the following statements are correct in relation to Watson and Rayner’s (1920) research into them?
1:Watson and Rayner speculated that the complexity of emotional responsiveness in adults might be explained by the conditioning of children’s simple emotional reactions when they are exposed to new stimuli.
2:Watson and Rayner found evidence for emotional from a test trial in which the rat was accompanied by the nosie.
3:The fear reaction in Albert could be produced by a loud noise.
4:None of the above.

Which of the following statements applies to Gracia and Koelling(1966), animals given LiCl as the US showed an aversion to the light and the click.