Everyday Science – Earth Science

Who is known as the Father of Geology ?

The Earth has ____ main structural components.

A branch of science which deals with the study of the Earth,s crust is called .

The crust extends down to about ____ miles and consists of rocks with a density of less than 188 pounds per cubic foot.

The outer core is believed to be completely.

The top layer of the oceanic crust has an average thickness of .

The chemical composition of the Earth,s crust is dominated by ____ elements which together make up more than 99 percent by weight and volume of the crust.

The temperature increases rapidly with depth in outer _____ kilometers of the Earth.

The outer core is a mixture of melted iron and.

Name the outer rigid layer of the Earth from which the plates are made.

Asthenosphere is the region of the Earth,s mantle extending from about 60 to ______ miles below the surface, in which plastic movements can take place.

The mass of the Earth is.

The density of the Earth is _____ times of water.

About 200 million years ago, virtually all the Earth,s dry land was contained in the original super continent. What is it called ?

The equatorial diameter of the Earth is 12756.274 km and polar diameter of the Earth is.

The equatorial circumference of the Earth is 40075.02 km and polar circumference is.

Centrifugal force pushes the matter away from the center of axis of the rotation Many of other planets are also compressed like that. The most prominent is.

The axis of the Earth is inclined at an angle of _____ degree relative to the plane of the orbit of the Earth.

The hemisphere of Earth facing the Sun has day time while the hemisphere facing away from the Sun has.

Which of the following units of the geological ,clock is the shortest ?

Which of the following units of the geological ,clock is the longest ?

Latitude is the distance on the surface of the Earth measured in degree north and south of the equator. The equator is at zero degree while the poles are at _____ degree.

Greenwich (England) is at ____ degree longitude.

In how many climatic zones, our Earth is divided ?

Equator is a/an ____ line around the Earth midway between the poles. It is 0-degree latitude.

Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary line 23 1/2- degree ____ of the equator.

Tropic of Capricorn is an imaginary line _____ degree south of equator.

The geographical location of a _____ is given by its latitude and the longitude.

Seasonal variations on the Earth take place due to motion of _____ in its orbit.

As the Earth moves round the sun, the Northern Hemisphere and shortest day in the Southern Hemisphere ?

Which day is the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere and shortest day in the Southern Hemisphere ?

_____ is the shortest day in the Northern Hemisphere and longest day in the Southern Hemisphere.

Who showed first that the Earth is a giant magnet ?

A needle of the compass points ____ because the Earth,s magnetic field is dipolar.

Which of the following is an important physical property of mineral ?

It is believed that Earth,s magnetic field is used by ____ for their long distance migration.

Variation in Earth,s magnetic field causes changes in the ______ smaller duration or longer duration.

Name the major gas in the atmosphere of the Earth.

Ozone is concentrated in the stratosphere, between 44 and _____ above the Earth.

The composition of the atmosphere is constant up to about ___ km above the Earth,s surface with the exception of ozone and water vapours.

There are ______ main strata (layers) of the atmosphere.

The troposphere is the ______ layer which contains about 75 percent of the total mass of the atmosphere .

The important ozone layer is found in.

Between about 48 and 306 kilometers above the surface is the

Exosphere layer consists only of scattered atoms of oxygen, hydrogen and.

Life not possible on the Earth without the presence of.

Our atmosphere has a protective role against dangerous ultraviolet radiation ,solar x-rays and other high energy radiation coming from.

_____ is a mass of ice produced by accumulation and compression of snow which moves slowly downhill or seaward under its own weight.

The slow movement of continents from one part of the globe to another through long periods of geological time is called .

Nearly _____ million years ago,the land masses of the Earth were concentrated into one super continent called Pangaea.

A mineral is a naturally formed inorganic substance with a fixed ______ composition.

Minerals are very important as they are basic units of the.

There are ____ broad categories of rocks.

Minerals that are commercially valuable are known as.

Carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere is necessary for.

______ rocks are the most common types on the surface of the Earth.

There are _______ types of sedimentary rocks.

____ rocks are formed when molten magma cools and solidifies.

Which of the following is not an example of igneous rocks ?

Sedimentary rocks are common and cover about ____ percent of the total land area.

_______ rocks are formed by the alteration of pre-existing rocks by great heat or pressure.

Metamorphic rocks are classified into ____ main types.

How much Earth,s surface is covered by water ?

The largest ocean is .

The two most abundant elements in the sea water are sodium and.

There are _____ million tons of gold in the sea.

Sea water freezes below 28.6*F(-1.9*C)whereas fresh water freezes at.

More the 75 percent of the water in the oceans has a temperature of less than.

At a depth of between about 1650 and _____ feet, a sound channel exists where sound waves can be tapped and also along which sound waves can travel for large distances.

The Mariana Trench the World,s deepest point is more than ________ feet below the sea level in some parts about 23,000 feet below the mean depth of the ocean floor.

Which cololour penetrates in water farther than other colours ?

Tides are characterized by rise and fall of the water level in the.

Tides occur every _____ and their timing and position depend on the Earth,s rotation on its axis related to the position of the moon.

A continental shelf is a submerged,gently sloping ledge that surrounds the edge of a .

The continental shelf constitutes _____ percent of the total area of the sea floor.

The ocean,s surface currents are created and driven by the _____ on the Earth,s surface.

Knot is a unit of _____ over sea or a ship.

The most destructive waves in the ocean are _____ caused by underwater Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruption ,or by hurricanes.

Upon which the density of water depends ?

Ocean waves are produced due to movement of.

El-Nino is a _____ weather phenomenon .

____ are formed of masses of water droplets and ice crystals.

How many cloud shapes are present in atmosphere ?

Severe storms like hurricanes and tornadoes account for about _____ percent of the huge damage caused annually by natural disasters.

_____ are also called tropical cyclones or typhoons.

Hurricanes can be _____ at radar screens and satellite pictures.

Wind speeds in tornadoes may reach _____ miles per hour.

Tornadoes travel up to _____ miles (322 km).

There are _____ measures of the severity of an Earthquake.

The highest Richter magnitude ever recorded was 8.9 in ___ in 1933 approximately as powerful as a 100- megaton explosion.

By which scale, the severity of an Earthquake is measured ?

Name the instrument ,which detects the waves of an Earthquake.

What is the mouth of a volcano called ?

A geyser is a hot spring in which underground water is heated by geothermal activity and periodically boils. In _______, there are many geysers.

There are more than ____ submerged, usually extinct, volcanoes in the world.

Most of the rivers start as small.

The course of a river can be divided into _____ sections.

The force of flowing rivers usually cut ____ shaped valleys in the mountain regions.

The canyon has a maximum depth of about_____ feet (1.6 kilometres) from the plateau top to the Colorado River.

A meander is a wide loop or bend in a.

Today,the area of ice-covered land has reduced to ______ million square kilometers.

icebergs have caused ships to sink,the most famous example being the Titanic which sank in ______ after hitting a relatively small iceberg.

Usually _____ of the mass of an iceberg is under the surface of water.

icebergs in sea last for less than _______ months.

The rocks immediately below the Earth,s surface contain over _____ million cubic miles of water, about 40 time as much as in all rivers,lakes and marshes in the world.